托福听力历史类话题如何听重点
托福听力中历史类话题的出现概率很高,可以说是比较热门的话题之一了。因此掌握其内容重点可以有效提升考生的听力解题正确率。今天小编给大家带来了托福听力高频历史类话题如何听重点,希望能够帮助到大家,一起来学习吧。
托福听力高频历史类话题如何听重点
托福听力历史话题关键要素:主题关键词
主题关键词总是会出现和发展、起源或者历史相关的词汇(e.g develpoment, change, origin, historical),举例来说:
Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n' roll?
Student: The electric Guitar?
Professor: Exactly. I think it's fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.
注意到文章开头做了两件事情:一. 提出话题“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了历史类文章要素, 教授说到电吉他是一个“the result of a continuing development” 而且人们很早之前就开始“ modify acoustic guitar”,自然而然我们就能推测文章是要讲电吉他是如何发展起来的。
托福听力历史话题关键要素:影响
所谓影响,其中包括话题的发展;发展过程中所受到的影响;其所产生的影响;具体的影响是什么,怎么影响的。来看下例:
The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?
But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.
很明显的,教授接下来就开始讲到吉他的发展过程,第一种吉他,wooden aka spanish guitar;接着steel guitar;lap guitar;然后有了electric guitar。而且重点说到“ 很多的发明者和音乐家对这种乐器的设计做出了贡献,而且每次的修改的目的就是为了改变电吉他的声音,也就是要素中提到的对话题的影响。
托福听力历史话题关键要素:时间
历史类话题的第三个关键要素是时间。当然,大家可能会注意到,下面例子提到的具体的时间点貌似只有两个1890s 和1920s。但是总的来讲,历史类的文章,时间顺序是一件非常关键的事情,因为在讲到某个事物的发展总是会从前往后说,提醒一点的是,时间本身不重要,只要搞明白谁前谁后即可。
So let's get back to when the steel guitar was first introduced in the United States. It was right after the Spanish-American war in the late 1890s. US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii—then a US territory—were very enamored with the music they heard there. Uh,Hawaiian music was based on the steel guitar I just described. Some sailors learned how to play the steel guitar and brought it home to the States. Before long,Hawaiian steel guitar music was all the rage in the mainland US. It actually had a strong influence on the development of several musical genres,rock ‘n' roll most notably,but also jazz and blues.
Anyway,by the 1920s,with the advent of the public dance movement,people were gathering in large groups to listen to steel guitar music. But they had trouble hearing it,especially in large public settings. As I mentioned,the instrument was played horizontally,on the lap. Since the strings faced upward,the sound was projected toward the ceiling rather than outward toward the audience. Something had to be done,because the music venues and the audience kept getting larger and larger.
托福听力历史话题关键要素:话题特点和任务
在时间要素之后出现的就是要素四:话题的特点以及时有时无的要素五:人物,一般这两点都是融合在一起的。
Electrified guitars already existed by the time Les Paul came into the picture around 1940. What Paul did was experiment with ways of removing the distortions and he succeeded. He designed a guitar with a solid body that relied solely on electronics. Paul's solid body eliminated the vibrations,and thus the distortions.
此处教授讲到Les Paul此人对于电吉他的修改,使得电吉他有了一个”solid body” , 减少了声音失真的状况。
尤其要注意,如果一篇文章出现了好几个人和一个事物的好几个特点的时候,一定要警觉起来,区分清楚哪个特点,属于哪个人物,这通常都是要出难题的前兆。
托福听力:突破三大障碍得高分
一词汇障碍
在托福考试的各个项目中,词汇掌握的越扎实,备考之路也就是越通畅。同样,在托福听力的考试中,场景类的材料占有很大的比重,其中涉及到很多有关场景类的词汇。而正因为这样,熟练的识别、拼写出场景词汇,成了能否取得高分的重要因素。所以,在托福听力备考过程中,整理好一些常用的场景词汇,对于听力的备考是会带来很大帮助的。而特别是一些难度却较大的场景。比如 pass the exam with flying colors 意为以优异成绩通过考试,就不能仅仅词汇表面上含义加以简单的理解。
二速度障碍
对于初入托福听力的备考学生来说,“听力速度跟不上”几乎是所有人都会遇到的一个问题。而要解决这样的问题,其实也并没有其他什么特别的技巧,练习就是一的方法了。建议大家可以在每天早晨听一些跟考试难易程度比较接近的练习题,甚至进行一定的跟读,使耳朵在考试前就热身起来。这样长时间的坚持会让自己的耳朵在听力考试的时间段内很快进入状态
三情绪障碍
即使在托福听力备考中练习的非常完美,有时难免还会在考场上有失手的情况的。因为,托福听力的考试中总是还会涉及到一些情绪控制的问题。比如,如果在道题目中我们就感到紧张,就会导致自己很难进入考试状态,之后也就让自己错误连篇了。因此考生需要在考试当天早上起来后听一些有关托福听力考试的练习题,这样可以保证在考试的时候不至于耳生,情绪也会相对的保持一个稳定的状态。
总之,对于我们初入听力备考的学生来说,在进入备考状态的过程中,总是会有一些高分障碍。
托福听力:描述事物的顺序
1. 时间顺序。
在叙说一个事物史的发展的时候,通常是采取时间渐进的方式来叙述。先怎么样,再怎么样,后怎么样。
2. 空间顺序。
在介绍一个事物的时候,也会采用空间移动的顺序。里面怎么样,外面怎么样,前面怎么样,后面怎么样,上面怎么样,下面怎么样。
3. 好坏顺序。
在介绍新产品的时候,往往会先说它的几个优点,然后再说它缺点。在介绍某种现象的时候,也会先说它带来的好处,再说它的坏处。
注意:对于分类,也许还不太完善。也许不太合理,也许还有其他的遗漏。而且有的时候,托福考试听力文章通常会是两种顺序交叉或者交替进行。其实不管怎么样分,听的过程中主要是听清分点和结构,提供的这些顺序,只是帮助大家记忆的。我们在托福听力文章的时候就得抓住如上重点,听完后得知道文章说了哪几点,是采取什么顺序来组织的。
当听出文章的结构来后,我们自然能把握好文章的主题,这样TOPIC题和尾巴题就不在话下了,而对于做细节题,也同样非常有帮助的。因为大家知道,TOEFL是顺序出题的,了解了结构,对于第几题对应那个段,自然是非常清楚。
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